TY  - JOUR
T1  - Emotional Lag, Change Speed, and Adaptive Breakdown in Organizations
A1  - Omar Khalid
A1  - Sara Nadeem
A1  - Bilal Farooq
A1  - Hina Saeed
JF  - Journal of Applied Organizational Systems and Behavior
JO  - J Appl Organ Syst Behav
SN  - 3108-852X
Y1  - 2026
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.51847/0KgUxEoaGs
SP  - 115
EP  - 123
N2  - Organizations increasingly pursue change through compressed schedules, overlapping initiatives, rapid iteration, and recurrent restructuring, yet the temporal demands imposed by change are rarely matched explicitly to the time employees require to interpret events, regulate emotion, integrate prior experience, and reorganize action. This Original Temporal Theory Article develops the proposed Temporal Theory of Emotional Lag to explain how such mismatches may contribute to adaptive difficulty without assuming that rapid change is intrinsically dysfunctional. The theory defines Emotional Lag as a proposed temporal mismatch between change-generated cognitive-affective processing demands and the time and recovery capacity available for their integration. It distinguishes change speed from perceived pace, sensemaking delay from indecision, emotional processing from negative affect, and adaptive breakdown from organizational failure. The proposed mechanism links change-event tempo and density to appraisal and sensemaking demands, emotional-processing requirements, and conditional adaptive consequences. It also specifies temporal-schema fit, work rhythms, uncertainty regulation, prior change memory, collective-response configuration, leadership pacing, and support as boundary conditions. The article develops propositions for temporal mismatch, interference accumulation, recovery, adaptation, collective emergence, and organizational pacing. The contribution is conceptual rather than validated: it does not establish a universal speed threshold, causal sequence, or implementation protocol. Testing requires repeated, event-sensitive, multilevel designs capable of separating temporal process from workload, leadership, job insecurity, individual differences, and other rival explanations.
UR  - https://apsshs.com/article/emotional-lag-change-speed-and-adaptive-breakdown-in-organizations-di3tkcrjfodtjsg
ER  -